District of



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GEORGE KooN'rzlANnJonN le. HILL,` WASHINGTON, DIsrRIcT 'or I I l I, COLUMBIA.

VLetters:PatentNo 106,178, dated August 9, 1876.

IMPR'V'EMENT IN SLEEPING- CARS j Il j The Schedulevreferred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

To all whom it may concern; i i

Beit known that we, GEORGE S. Koon'rz and JOHN B. HILL,fof iVashingtou, in the countyof Washington and in the District of Colmbia,have in- Cars; andere do herebydeclarethe following to be a full, clear,and exact description of thejsame, refers ence being' h'ad to the accompanying `drawing mak- `ingpart of this speciiication, in which- `Figure 1 is an inside view of a portion of our improved car, showing one section as it-appears when j usetlfas a dz y-car, and one as it appears when used as I a sleeping-car, the `berths being shown `in their-positions `for. occupation. v j I u Figure 2 is a plan `view 'of the car, a portion-of the folding partitions being shown folded into the recessed panels, `and a portionof them in position for use,

Figure 3 is a vert-ical transverse section, on line x x of `tig. 2, the .right-hand side showing-the berths in i position, and, themethod of arrangingthe curtains, kand the left-handsde thebeds in thereceptacle in which they are placed in 'the day-time.4 v

I Figure 4 is: a; sectional elevation of the inside of the I car, sho\ vngfthe recess forzthereceptiou of the lupper,- portion of the folding paitition, andthe method of ar- 4ranging the curtains. i

.Figure 5 is a side view Vof a` portion of one ofthe folding partitions, showing how the upper slidingV portion is attached thereto.V I p f I Figure 6 is a part of the inside of the sleeping-car, showing the recess intoswhich the` folding partition may be placed.

I Figure?" hows the folding partition, provided with s pins, which vmove in slots or recesses, as shown in dot- I ted lines iniig. 6; I

` Figure .8 is a plan view of a .recess in the wall of vthe sleeping-car, showing the slot into which the pins of the folding partitionare secured.

Figureis a vertical section of the seat of the sleeping-car,I showing the adjustableback ofthe seat.

Figure 10 is a plan viewof apart of the car, showing `the adjustable partitionfwhich, 'in combination with `the folding partition, forms an inciosure o r stateroom. i Y I Gorrespondingfletters refer to corresponding parts inthe severaliigures. I I s I In sleeping-cars ,as heretofore constructedgreat ditliculty has been experienced-from' the fact that, when s used as a day-cnr, aportionof the passengers -has been compelled to ride backward, andIalsofrom-the I fact that berths, or aIport'io'n of them, have at such iimes been made to occupy i'ooin in the upper portion s of .the car, thus, to a'considerable extent, interfering `Iventedancw'and usefulA Improvement in Sleeping-Y 'withv the comfort of the passengers, and with the s rangement of some of its parts, as will be more fully explained, hereinafter.

A in the drawing refers to the frame or body of thev car, which externally may be of any desired or usual finish, and of any dimension that will meet the views of the constructor, the only change in said external parts made necessary by nr improvements lbeing the raised panels for the reception of the folding partitions, both of which are soon to be described.

A A* refer to the'windows, which may be of the style shown in the drawing, or of any other style.I

Azrefeis to the door, there being one inea-ch end o f thc car, for the ingress and egress of the passengers. A A3 refer to raised panels, the raised portion being upon the outer surface of the car, as a consequence of which arrangement a recess is left upon the interior surface thereof, into which .the partitions D are folded when not in use, as shown in fig. 2.

B-'B referto seats which extend longitudinally from one of the partitions D2 to another, their length being such as'to'permit a person to lie down upon them when they are usedas berths.` structed as shown in iig. A3,01' so that there is a space left within them, for the reception of the mattresses and other portions of thebeds when it'is desirable to put them out of the way in the daytime,'tbe'upper or cushioned portion of the'seat and t-he back or side -port-ion, which -is also' cushioned, forming the lower bed when placed in the position` shown in figs. 1, 2, and 3,: or may be 'used for the upper berths. The cushioned backs of these seats are of greater width or depth than is necessary to enable them to form such backs, and, consequently, when theyare in position to be used for that purpose, their lower edges extend downward into a recess formed in the side ofv thecar, so. that, when placed in said recess, their upper edges shall not project above the' proper point. v I

Bl'refers toa step, which may be used,.as shownin iig. 2, by being attached to the hollow partitions, to make `the ascent into the upper berths moreeasy, and

prevent the necessity ofthe 'person so ascending step-v* ping upon the berth below.

These seats are .con-- seat B when it is in its usual position, and thus constitute a bed or berth'of sutiicient width to accommodate two passengers. rlhe portions of these seats B2 which constitute'the backs, as they are shown in tiff. 1, are removable, so that, while they constitute an easy revolving chair in the day-time, the backs mayA be removed, and placed in the recesses of the seats atA night, and that portion shown in tig. 3 made to serve the purpose thus indicated, it being provided with a screw, for raising or lowering it at pleasure.

It is apparent that, in consequence of the` combination of these rotating and fixed seats, great facility is aorded for changes of position during the day-time by changing from one to the other, and also that, as a consequence of this peculiar arrangement of the seat and berths, a lunch larger amount of room is afforded for standing or promenading than is found in the cars now in use. v

' C G refer to the cushioned backs ot' the longitudinal seats, they being shown in the position to be used as seats, and as bert-hs in iigs and 3.

C' C refer to the upper berths, which are supported upon the folding partitions soon to be described. They consist of any suit-able framework, or of slats; or it may be the cushioned hacks made of such a length as to he placed in the recess in seat B when not in use, and of such width as. that a single or double berth may be made upon them. Upon ythese -trames or boards mattresses are placed, and proper bed-clothing to constitute beds, sueh as shown in rigs. 1, 3, and 4.

1) D refer to fol-ding partitions, which are so constructed and hinged together as to fold into the. rer casses formed in the raised panels A, as shown in lig. 2.

lhat portion of these partitions which is upon the inside ofthe panel or recess when folded may be provided with pins in its ends, so as to slide in grooves formed in the top and bottom ofthe recess into which they fold, so that when said portion is slid upon such pins to the center of the recess in the said panel, it shall be held in position or prevented from coming out.

When this folding partition is in the central position above alluded to, it is directly over, and its outer portion will rest upon the fixed 'and hollow portion D2, as shown in iig. 4, and together with it and the sliding portion D, will form the partition between the berths andrthe support for thc upper berths to rest upon, vthey beingr supplied with springs d for that purpose, which are so arranged that when thc panels are folded together, they will enterrecesses formed in the partitions; but, when said partitions are in position for use, they will projecttar enough to support the berths.

Dl Dl refer to the sliding portions ofthe partitions, and they consist of panels or pieces which have a groove formed in their under surfaces to receive tenons or projections formed upon the upper ends of the folding portions of the partitions, their upper surfaces being of such form as to till the space between said upper ends of the folding partition and the roof of the car, as shown in g. 3.

The length of these sliding panels or pieces, and the width ofthe folding partitions, is such, that when they are in positions to form berths, they will project inwardr-beyond the raised portion ofthe roof of the car, so that a portion of the air winch enters through the ventilators in said raised portion shall be directed into the upper berths and be retained therein, and not allowed to pass directly to the ends of the car, as is usual. v I

D2 D2 refer to the fixed portions of the partitions, their length and heightl being such as to' permit them to receive into a cavity or recess formed in them the sliding portions, D, of the partitions, when not in use, one being shown in such recess in tig. 1.A

Another ofice of these fixed port-ions is, to form arm-rests for persons who may be occupyingthe longitudinal seats. I I

E E refer to doors or swinging panels, which are hinged to the edges or sides of the 'recesses formed in the raised panels, so that when the folding partitions are placed therein these panels may be sluit and fastened by any suitable device, and thus that portion of the car presents an appearance similar` to other panels. These doors or swinging panels, also serve the purpose of supports to the folding portions of the partit-ions when in position to be used as berths, by being closed so far as to come in contact with such partitions, and secured there byhooks or other snitable devices, thus keeping the outer sections of the partition in its central position. The above-indicated position and function ot' these doors are clearly shown in fig. 1 of the drawing.

F refers to the saloon of thc car, whiclrmay be converted into a private apartment by placing one ofthe partitions in position, and sliding the partition F outward, as shown in dotted lines in fig. 2, said sliding partit-ion being provided with a swinging door for ingress and egress. When thus used asa private apartment, the saloon may be furnished with berths if desired, or it may bepprovided with seats only. When it is desirable to throw the saloon open or convert it into a publie room, the folding partitioris put away as the others are when not in use.

The partitions F' vslide back, as shown in full lines in iig. 2, and the saloon becomes a part of the car, to be occupied by any one that may desire to be seated there.

l?" refers to avseparate apartment, which is formed by a partition placed at the outer end of the saloon, and whichextends from the door to the roof of the car, so as to make. this apartment entirely separate from said saloon. rllhis apartment may be used as a watercloset, it being provided with thensual appendages.

G refers to a stove, which may be placed in the endv or ends of the car, and opposite the water-closet or closets, and near it the wash-bowl or sink, as shown in iig. 2.

H H refer to the curtains of the upper berths, they being suspended upon rodswhich extend from end to end of the car, which rods are supported at propel' intervals by hangers attached tothe roof of the same. These curtains are provided with hooks or other suitable devices for attaching them to the rods, and extend downward to a point a little below the berths, but not far enough to interfere with the 'occupants of the lower berths, the object being that the curtains of the `upper berths maybe drawn aside, while those of the lower ones are in position to shield the occupants from observation.

H H refer to the curtains of the lower berths, which are suspended upon rods attached to the folding partitions, and extend downward nearly to the floor of the car, they being arranged so as to be used without reference to the upper ones.

One of the advantages incident to our invention, and not before mentioned, is, that we are enabled to construct the windows in two sections, the upper one of which may be moved upward, and the lower one downward, and thus leave the space for the entrance of air at or near the center of the window, .and above Vthe faoesofthe occupants, `which will, to a great extent, prevent the dust: and sparks which enter vwithV theair'ii'om passing into theeyes of such occupants.

Having thusl described our invention,` What \ve.'claini,and desire to secure by Letters 1. The combination of the `folding.portions D D of the partitions, and the A:recesses formed in the raised .panelsfwhen the partitionsare held in4 said `recesses by means ofjo'urnals or pivots formed upon their ends, substantially as and for the purpose set'forth. l

' 2. Ther partitions between rthe bert-hs, consisting oi hollow portions D2, folding portions D, aud'sliding portions D1, or l theirequi-valents,

substantially as and for the purpose set forth. l i vl 3.The spring d,`in combination-with the folding portion of the partition, substantially as and for` the purpose `set forth.

4.1'lhe longitudinal seats arranged with reference to each other substantially as andfor thepurpose set' forth. i p l 'B alndlohairsB, when 5. The sliding partition between the stateroom. and the' other portion of the car,- having in it a swinging door, when arranged with reference 'to the folding witnesses.- i GEO. S. KOONTZ. J. B. HILL.

for the purpose set .Witnessest E. J. KLOPFER, J.. H. WISE. 

